Brave And Strong Women During The Civil War Essay

Brave and Strong Women in the Civil War Keyamber Ford Central High School November 9, 2015 4th Period Abstract Women in the Civil War were basically the beginning of a movement, because many people thought that women could not accomplish fighting in a war. The role of women in the Civil War failed to be noticed by people in history. Women’s roles prior to the Civil War were to take care of home and family. Single women or those who were poor could find work outside the home, but there was a short list of things or places for them many women who stayed home also became the center of the arrangement of ladies gathering supplies and raising funds for the soldiers. Brave and Strong: Women in the Civil War The Civil War began April 12, 1861 and ended on April 9, 1865. Plenty of men fought in this war, but so did many women. Women had the job to be nurses, caretakers, or become like a mother to some of the men during war, but they also fought. Many people did not know that women was fighting in the Civil War, some even had husbands fighting in the war. Women decided they needed to change the world once for all by fighting and showing people they can actually do a job of a man. Women were only supposed to be the backbone of the family. They had to cook, clean, and make sure the kids were taking care of while the husband is off fighting. But women decided to help the males and leave home with men names and faces to get into the war and help them fight. LadiesShow MoreRelatedWomen During The Revolutionary War1197 Words   |  5 PagesWomen serving in the military is a topic that most people have very strong convictions on. Rather you are for or against women serving, you can find strong opinions that support both sides in this contentious dispute. Women have struggled to fit into the military life for years. Even though woman have fought alongside men in each key battle from the start of the American Revolution, they still find it hard to shake the stereo types about woman who serve. Woman have always had to cloak themselvesRead MoreWomen Of The Civil War1720 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Civil War, it was erected to make sure the men would not have died in vain, and after reading it I could not help but to ask myself, â€Å"Are we to let the women?† Kids will learn of the Civil War starting in elementary school, and will continue to do so as far as their education leads them. They will learn of the brave men who fought for their beliefs and rights, brother who fought against brother, and the men who led these soldiers into battle. There is, however, one side of the Civil War whichRead MoreDiscrimination And The War At Appomattox Court House1486 Words   |  6 Pagestensions between northern and southern states concerning states’ rights and slavery sent the country into turmoil. The bloodiest battle in American history soon began and the country would never be the same again. However, after the conclusion of the war at Appomattox Court House, the definition of American citizenship and personal liberties would be changed forever. Unfortunately, discrimination has continued to take place within the nation’s borders against other groups of people. Recently, discriminationRead MoreMovie Review : Cold Mountain Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst assault scene at the beginning of the film, I thought that the north and the south both had strong motives and they were both willing to give it their all in order to preserve and defend their cause. This beginning scene if very heart broken because a lot of men died suddenly from one moment to the next. This makes me reflect on how hard and very divesting the civil war was not just for the women but also for the men who lost their families, wives, homes, and even their lives for the greaterRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1523 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Civil War, some of the more notable names were: Ulysses S. Grant, Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson, and George Custer. These names are synonymous with great generals who fought great battles during the war, but what about Sarah Emma Edmonds, Clara Burton, Dorthea Dix, Rose O’Neal Greenhow, and Loreta Janeta Velazquez? These names are not as known as their male counterparts, but these ladies of the Civil War Era did their part to aide their respective sides in the war. What these and other women didRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : Heroes Serve Powers Or Principles Larger Than Themselves952 Words   |  4 Pagesgets his or her strength from higher principles and he or she knows the value of sacrifice. Only brave and strong men and women could fight against something evil that has existed for a long time bec ause if they fight it, they might die or they might lose everything. Heroes are never afraid to fight for something that they believe in. Abraham Lincoln was one of heroes. He was an American president during 1861 to 1865, and he presents with all his power to his country. Abraham Lincoln was an outstandingRead MoreRecruitment Of A Female Nurse1500 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst in Washington and later other areas. Dix, like the rest of society, had some very strong ideas about what a nurse should and shouldn’t be and in a document dated July 14, 1862 she specified those ideas. No candidate for service in the Women’s Department for nursing in the military hospitals of the United States, will be received below the age of thirty-five years, (35) nor above fifty. Only women of strong health, not subjects of chronic disease, nor liable to sudden illnesses, need apply. TheRead Moreadvantages and disadvantages of the civil war1031 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, the Confederacy and the Union both had numerous advantages and disadvantages and there were multiple women and slaves that contributed to the war. To begin with, the Confederacy had its significant advantages that helped it push through the war, one of which was its strong leaders. Many believed â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson and Robert E. Lee were some of the best officers even before the war. Also, they had the advantage of fighting on their own soil. They knewRead MoreThe Process of Becoming a Marine Corps Officer1506 Words   |  7 Pageswords liberty and justice, sworn to protect every American soul. Marines have battled on land, in air, and at sea for their country and many brave men and women have lost their lives in the line of fire. These brave soldiers are lead by intelligent officers who are strong leaders, quick decision makers, and possess great mental toughness. The young men and women blessed with the privilege of being officers in the Marine Corps face many hardships on their journey to greatness, yet many travel down thisRead MoreThe Battle Of The Civil War1073 Words   |  5 PagesThe Civil War was a war that was thought to would have lasted no longer than ninety days. After all was said and done, the war lasted more than four years and claimed tens of thousands of lives of both The Union and The Confederate States. There were several battles fought on Northern and Southern soil, battles that forced bloody mortal combat between brothers in the fight for equality amongst all men. It tested the strength of the foundation that the United States was built upon. The Civil War was

Messianic in Spectres of Marx by Jaques Derrida Essay

In Spectres of Marx, Jaques Derrida expounds upon a major theme of his argument, the messianic, and is interested in outlining the issues surrounding messianism. These issues which work along side the critical characteristics of Marxist theory. According to Derrida, the â€Å"messianic† adopts the basic configuration of religious messianic thought, but there is also â€Å"a messianism without religion† (74). Derrida shares his opinion that a messiah is a promise, a hope, and an aspiration of something to come, but not that the messiah actually comes. If the messiah does come, and there is an end, where is the mystery once he is revealed? There lacks a definite horizon or final expectation in Derrida’s messianism. Of the many views of messianism he†¦show more content†¦Deconstruction is more of a journey to be undertaken with the understanding that there is not going to be a definite end. There is a constant change in what is being understood and once th ere is an apparent conclusion, a new door opens leading to another. In religious context, the coming of the messiah is mostly concerned with time and not Jesus. As of page twenty-five in Specters of Marx, Derrida is hoping for a day in the future, not here yet, where we would finally be removed from the fatality of vengeance, such as in the story of Hamlet and his vengeance. Hamlet is waiting and wishing for another kind of justice to arrive. In this case, the messianic has a lot to do with justice. The issue with justice is that like deconstruction, it is undeconstructable. Justice takes place in a disjointure, such as the disjointure of the present time into many moments. The â€Å"presence of the present† (28) deals with what is to come. What the â€Å"present† represents is really a constant movement without much presence. To say something has singularity is an issue. Justice only takes place in a disjointure, and thus it is as if justice can only bee experienced during a moment of the present that is contemporaneous with it. The condition of justice is within the present. The lack of the possibility of justice would result in losing the chance of experiencing the future of a â€Å"Desert-like messianism (without content and without identifiable messiah)† (33). ItShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagespostmodernism Three key thinkers of postmodernism Jacques Derrida: the linguistic turn and deconstruction J.F. Lyotard and the nature of knowledge Foucault: postmodernism, discourse, knowledge and power Organizational culture The challenges of postmodernism to organization theory Problematizing normal science Problematizing truth Problematizing representation Problematizing writing Problematizing generalizability Postmodernism and the spectre of relativism Conclusions 242 242 244 246 248 250 251

Financial Detective Free Essays

Company A is most likely Johnson Johnson, while company B is probably Pfizer. The reading mentions that they have a large over-the-counter section which would make sense considering Johnson Johnson are known for their over-the-counter pharmaceuticals. Company B is probably Pfizer because they are known for high research and development costs and offering various prescription drugs. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Detective or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Beta for Pfizer is .85, and as a measure of volatile risk this makes sense because of high research and development costs for new pharmaceutical drugs. I believe that Company C is Paragraph 1, which is  Anheuser-Busch. This would fit the description that the firm owns â€Å"a number of beer related businesses, such as snack and aluminum container manufacturing and several major theme parks.† Company D is paragraph 2 and it is uncertain which firm this it. It is definitely most likely a smaller IPO style type of Brewery which can be reflected in 16 on net fixed assets. Paragraph 2 is most likely Company E. This company is most likely Apple because they mention a compelling founder which might very well be Steve Jobs. Also, the net profit margin and turn over ratio are very high which would accurately reflect Apple’s recent success. Company F is most likely the first paragraph and probably Dell Corporation. This is because of â€Å"built-to-order† PCs, which sounds like Dells business strategy. This strategy also allows Dell to have a high inventory turnover and keep smaller amount of inventories on hand. Paragraph two is most likely Company G which is probably Amazon.com. Amazon.com became profitable in 2004 and because this assignment was created in 2005 it makes sense when it says â€Å"The firm has only recently become profitable.† Company H is most likely paragraph 1 and probably Barnes and noble. This is because Barnes and Noble would need more inventories on hand which would go hand-in-hand with the large inventory percentage. Company I is most likely paragraph 2 which may refer to Wausau Paper. Wausau paper seems to be describes when they say â€Å"The other firm is a small producer of printing, writing, and technical specialty papers, as well as towel and tissue products.† Company J is Paragraph 1, which I believe is Weyerhaeuser Company Limited, because Weyerhaeuser fits the description of â€Å"One company is the world’s largest maker of paper, paperboard, and packaging.† They are also one of the largest private owners of timberland in the world which could be the reason why they have large current asset and net fixed asset ratio. Company K is most likely paragraph 1. Because it is less specialized, it would have a smaller Gross profit margin that paragraph 2. Also, it would have higher liabilities at 71.8 compared to 51.5 for paragraph 2. Company L is most likely paragraph 2 because the lower liabilities and higher gross profit margin are indicative of a company that is more specialized. I believe that company M is paragraph 1, which is Costco. Costco fits the description of â€Å"The company is known for its low prices, breadth of merchandise, and volume-oriented strategy.† Net fixed assets would be substantial, as indicated by the data at 57% because  of its large and expanding network of distribution centers and stores. I believe company N is the second paragraph and is the company Target. Target fits the description of an upscale discount chain. Target issues credit to qualified customers, which could explain the 17% of total assets. I believe Company O is the second Paragraph, which is Lee Enterprises. Intangibles make up a large percentage of total assets, which would explain the significant amount of goodwill. The company also has low SGA expenses which is probably because of its decentralization policy. I believe paragraph one is Company P, which is the New York Times. The companies’ high SGA expenses are indicative of how it’s a diversified media company and does business around the world. Analysis Health Products Company A is most likely Johnson Johnson, while company B is probably Pfizer. The reading mentions that they have a large over-the-counter section which would make sense considering Johnson Johnson are known for their over-the-counter pharmaceuticals. They are shipped around the world to many distributors in massive quantities. The cost of goods for Johnson and Johnson 23.9 which is significantly larger than Pfizers. This could be because Johnson and Johnson makes many different products and they are made of numerous constituents. Johnson Johnson manufactures large amounts of goods that they know they’re going to turnover because people are going to purchase them quicker and there is a steady and consistent demand for them. This would make the turnover ratio for Johnson and Johnson 3.08 make sense compared to the lesser turnover ratio of .93 for Pfizer. Johnson and Johnson would also more likely have more manufacturing facilities because of their diverse array of goods. Also unlike Pfizer, Johnson Johnson did not get rid of a large part of their non-pharmaceutical goods, so it would make sense that the net fixed assets are larger with Johnson and Johnson Company B Company B is probably Pfizer because they are known for high research and  development costs and offering various prescription drugs. The Beta for Pfizer is .85, and as a measure of volatile risk this makes sense because of high research and development costs for new pharmaceutical drugs. Also Pfizer would have high intangibles at 46% of assets due to the aforementioned large research and development budget. Pfizer is not very liquid which would give it a low current assets ratio. It does not have much cash because the budget is put into RD. Because high research and development is spent on research and development, the price of pharmaceuticals are high. However, Pfizer’s actual production isn’t very expensive which would make Pfizer’s cost of goods sold low relative to the Johnson Johnson. High Research and development would also cause high amounts of debt incurred and the total debt to total assets ratio would also be higher. Beer Company C I believe that Company C is Paragraph 1, which is Anheuser-Busch. This would fit the description that the firm owns â€Å"a number of beer related businesses, such as snack and aluminum container manufacturing and several major theme parks.† This would also account for the large percentage of fixed assets which is nearly 54.7 percent. Also their cost of goods sold would be higher at 53.9, than the other company because of the expensive marketing implementation strategies Anheuser-Busch has. Company D Company D is paragraph 2 and it is uncertain which firm this it. It is definitely most likely a smaller IPO style type of Brewery which can be reflected in 16 on net fixed assets. Also they have much fewer liabilities at .7 (compared to 9.5 for Anheuser) because they are smaller and have less things to pay out. Computers Company E Paragraph 2 is most likely Company E. This company is most likely Apple because they mention a compelling founder which might very well be Steve Jobs. Also, the net profit margin and turn over ratio are very high which would accurately reflect Apple’s recent success. Also, the retail strategy described as â€Å"aggressive† and â€Å"meant to drive traffic through its stores and to expand its installed base of customers by showcasing its products in a user-friendly retail atmosphere† seems like it is very Apple-esque. Company F is most likely the first paragraph and probably Dell Corporation. This is because of â€Å"built-to-order† PCs, which sounds like Dells business strategy. This strategy also allows Dell to have a high inventory turnover and keep smaller amount of inventories on hand. In turn, this style of business should technically speaking allow for more liquid. Dell would also possess high liquidity which would reflect the current and quick ratios to be high as seen on the Common-Sized Financial Data and Ratios chart. Books and Music Company G Paragraph two is most likely Company G which is probably Amazon.com. Amazon.com became profitable in 2004 and because this assignment was created in 2005 it makes sense when it says â€Å"The firm has only recently become profitable.† Usually online manufacturers have high-turnover ratios to compensate for enhanced competition in the marketplace, which would make sense as to why Company G’s asset turnover is low. Also inventory should be relatively low because they are an online company and everything is ordered and shipped in a relatively quick fashion. Because they don’t actually manufacture anything (except the kindle) and they’re competitive edge is extremely low pricing, they probably have low profit margins, as the data indicates. The high debt to asset ratio of 59.94 is also indicative of a company that is highly leveraged. As aforementioned, Amazon just recently became profitable, and they borrowed a lot to repay for facilities and other expenses. Do to limited income they did incur a lot of debt so this would make sense. Company H Company H is most likely paragraph 1 and probably Barnes and noble. This is because Barnes and Noble would need more inventories on hand which would go  hand-in-hand with the large inventory percentage. They need a lot of books in stock and more on hand in the stores and warehouses than an online retailer would need. Also the low profit margin is indicative of a company like Barnes and Noble because they pay full price on shipping and storage costs since they are a standard retailer, thus minimizing profits. Paper Products Company I Company I is most likely paragraph 2 which may refer to Wausau Paper. Wausau paper seems to be describes when they say â€Å"The other firm is a small producer of printing, writing, and technical specialty papers, as well as towel and tissue products.† Wausau being a smaller company would have much lower inventories percentage than company J, which is indicated by the data. Also Wausau owns very little timberland which causes them to purchase their wood fiber on the open market. This could explain why they have a lower fixed asset percentage. Because their wood is purchased on the open market, they would have higher long-term debt and liabilities. Company J Company J is Paragraph 1, which I believe is Weyerhaeuser Company Limited, because Weyerhaeuser fits the description of â€Å"One company is the world’s largest maker of paper, paperboard, and packaging.† They are also one of the largest private owners of timberland in the world which could be the reason why they have large current asset and net fixed asset ratio. Also, a company like Weyerhaeuser would have a large amount of fixed assets indicated by the large fixed asset ratio, because of substantial timberland ownership. Also, because they are a huge firm, and have a lot of paper products on hand, it makes sense that they have a large amount of current assets. Tools Company K is most likely paragraph 1. Because it is less specialized, it would have a smaller Gross profit margin that paragraph 2. Also, it would have higher liabilities at 71.8 compared to 51.5 for paragraph 2. Company L is most likely paragraph 2 because the lower liabilities and higher gross profit margin are indicative of a company that is more specialized. Retailers Company M I believe that company M is paragraph 1, which is Costco. Costco fits the description of â€Å"The company is known for its low prices, breadth of merchandise, and volume-oriented strategy.† Net fixed assets would be substantial, as indicated by the data at 57% because of its large and expanding network of distribution centers and stores. Because the company has a volume oriented strategy, with large quantities of stock and customers, it would have a larger turnover of 7.69 comparative to the company in paragraph 2, which has a turnover ratio of 5.86. Many customers pay with credit at Costco, with members paying with their Costco card, which would explain the very high Receivables turnover at 192.73. Because Costco is focused on Mass selling they also have a low quick ratio of .17. Company N I believe company N is the second paragraph and is the company Target. Target fits the description of an upscale discount chain. Target issues credit to qualified customers, which could explain the 17% of total assets. Target comparative to Costco has a higher current assets ratio, which is 1.69. This is because Target has many current assets to cover its current liabilities. Newspapers Company O I believe Company O is the second Paragraph, which is Lee Enterprises. Intangibles make up a large percentage of total assets, which would explain the significant amount of goodwill. The company also has low SGA expenses which is probably because of its decentralization policy. Local branches also allow for personal connections with their customers, which would give it a higher turnover rate. Small town newspapers don’t have much competition, and therefore don’t have to lower their prices or spend a lot on marketing. Therefore, the company’s net profit margin would be relatively high. Company P I believe paragraph one is Company P, which is the New York Times. The companies’ high SGA expenses are indicative of how it’s a diversified media company and does business around the world. The New York Times has a lot of competition and therefore has to keep prices low. This is shown in the relatively lower net profit margin. Also, The New York Times constructed new headquarters in 2005 which is shown on the financials through the high percentage of net fixed assets on the common-sized balance sheet. How to cite Financial Detective, Papers Financial Detective Free Essays professional users and sells them through its own technical representatives and mobile franchise dealers. The global manufacturer would be company L because they would have higher selling, general and administrative costs, in this case 38. 9 compared to 24. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Detective or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8. The company with the specialized tools from mobile franchise would have higher cost of goods sold, in this case 61. 0 compared to 51. 6. Retail Both companies are large discount retailers. One company carries a wide variety of nationally advertised general merchandise. The other company is a rapidly growing chain of upscale discount stores and has partnerships with several leading designers. The company with partnerships with the designers is company M because it has intangibles of 9. 0 compared to the general merchandise discount company which has intangibles of 0. 6 making it company N. Newspapers One company is a diversified media company that generates most of its revenues through newspaper sales around the country and around the world. The other company owns a number of newspapers in small communities and this company has significant goodwill on its balance sheet. Company O is the company that owns a number of newspapers as they have intangibles of 76,8 compared to company P, which is the world newspaper company and has intangibles of 37. 1. Health ProductsBeer ABCD Accounts Payable9. 82. 2Stockholders’ Equity16. 572. 9 Inventory turnover3. 080. 93Current Assets11. 281. 7 Intangibles22. 246. 1Cost of Good Sold53. 938. 5 SG expense44. 546. 7Cash ST investments1. 455. 6 SG expense17. 350. ComputersBooks Music EFGH SG expense9. 723. 1SG expense16. 921. 8 Intangible Assets01. 2Depreciation1. 13. 7 Inventory21. 3Inventory14. 838. 6 Accounts Payable38. 318Cash ST Investments54. 816. 2 Current Liabilities60. 933. 3Quick Ratio00. 46 Inventory Turnover13. 562. 42 PaperTools IJKL Intangibles14. 61. 9SG Expense3948. 4 Cost of Goods Sold6151. 6 Receivables Turnover18. 923. 7 RetailNewspaper MNOP Intangibles90. 6Intan gibles76. 837. 1 Receivables Turnover24. 516. 7SG Expense2339. 7 Net Fixed Assets14. 134. 6 Stockholders’ Equity62. 535. 5 How to cite Financial Detective, Essay examples

Legal Aspects of International Trade and Enterprises samples for Stud

Question: Discuss About Legal Aspects Of International Trade And Enterprises? Answer: Introducation: A major Australian company in its retailing industry is Woolworths Limited and the company has extensive retail interests across New Zealand, as well as, Australia (Reuters, 2017). In terms of its revenue, the company is the second largest one in the nation, and is just behind the conglomerate based in Perth, Wesfarmers Limited. Moreover, Woolworths is the second largest company in New Zeeland also. The company is also the largest hotel and gaming poker machine operator, the largest takeaway liquor retailer in the nation, and globally, the company stood at 19th position across the world for the year of 2008. The global headquarters of the company is located in Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia (Woolworths Group, 2017a). The company has been listed for over twenty years in the Australian Securities Exchange, which is ASX in short (ASX, 2017). It is a public company and has been ranked as 2nd out of two thousand companies in the nation. The majority of the income of the company is generated from the grocery stores and the supermarkets which Woolworths has in Australia. Including its sales and the other revenue, the company generated total revenue, for the year of 2016, of $58,563,300,000 (IBIS, 2016). For the year of 2016, the company had 205000 employees in Australia and New Zealand, and this figure was inclusive of the employees from all of the subsidiaries which are under the control of Woolworths Limited. The company employs over 2,200 indigenous people in Australia. There are over 79,000 young employees in the company (Woolworths Group, 2016a). Woolworths Supermarkets employs on a team of 111,000 Australians (Woolworths Group, 2017b). The Chief Executive of the company has been given the official title of Chief Executive Office and the Managing Director and the position is held by Mr. Brad Banducci. The Chairman of the company has been given the official title of Non-Executive Chairman and this position is held by Mr. Gordon Cairns. The company operates as the retailer of home improvement, food, general merchandise, petrol and liquor, along with having its operations in the sector of gaming and hospitality (IBIS, 2016). The main business operations of the group have been categorized in different divisions. Supermarkets and Petrol is one of such divisions. The company has 530 petrol station through its co-brands Caltex Safeway outlets and Caltex Woolworths; 184 Countdown grocery stores which are located in New Zealand; 992 Woolworths Supermarkets; and 5 Thomas Dux grocery stores. Big W is another division of Woolworths, and the company operates 186 Big W different discount departmental stores in the nation, and is a retailer of health beauty products, pet food, automotive goods,software, sporting goods, toys, clothing, homewares, books,stationery, andhardware. In its Hotels division, through Australian Leisure Hospitality Group, which is majorly held as the companys subsidiary, Woolworths operates 331 licensed venues, along with the gaming operations throughout the nation. The company also operates in the homeware and apparel catalogue market by the name of Ezibuy, which is an omnichannel retailer and is the supplier of different products (IBIS, 2016). Regulatory Framework of Australia All the companies which are incorporated in Australia or which have their operations in the nation are required to abide by a number of regulatory framework, in form of legislations, their associated regulations, and the codes. The applicability of these is governed by the regulatory bodies, having the responsibility for same. As Woolworths is a major company in Australia, it has to follow a range of different regulatory frameworks, some of which have been stated below. Woolworths is registered as a company in Australia, which makes the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth), applicable on the company. Due to the applicability of this act, Woolworths is required to follow the provisions regarding the appointment of the directors, their duties, and the name of the company, the memorandum of the company, the requisite disclosures and the various meetings (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). The evidence of this act can be seen through the 2016 Annual Report of Woolworths, where the company made the disclosure pursuant to section 299A(1) of this act. This particular disclosure was made in accordance to the ASIC Regulatory Guide 247 Effective Disclosure in an Operating and Financial Review (RG 247), which was issued in March 2013 (Woolworths Group, 2016a). The requirements of the independence of the auditors were not breached and the provisions of this act were properly followed, in addition to the ones set out in the Code of Conduct APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants issued by the Accounting Professional Ethical Standards Board. Even the consolidated financial statement of the Woolworths Group had been prepared as per this act, in addition to the IFRS, which stands for International Financial Reporting Standards, and the Australian Accounting Standards and Interpretations. Pursuant to the section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001, the directors made the declarations in the companys annual report. The company was also in compliance with the section 300A of this act (Woolworths Group, 2016a). The company had to face significant costs due to the changes in the Workplace health and safety regulations which are applicable on the company. As Woolworths has its operations in NSW, it has to adhere to the legislation in form of Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (NSW), the regulation in form of Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011 (NSW), the codes in form of NSW Codes of Practice, and the regulator for these is SafeWork NSW (Business, 2017a). Under the law of Commonwealth of Australia, along with its states and territories, the companys operations are subjected to a range of environmental regulations. Hence, Woolworths is required to fulfill the requirements set out under the Environment Protection Act 1970 and Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Business, 2017b). Though, no liabilities were incurred by the group under any of the applicable environmental legislations. The companys financial report, for the year of 2016, was prepared as per the Corporations Regulations 2001, along with the Australian Accounting Standards (Woolworths Group, 2016a). International Treaties, Covenants and Agreements When any organization works in a global environment, a plethora of legislations, treaties, covenants and international agreements become applicable on it. As Woolworths has it operations in both Australia and New Zealand, a number of international laws become applicable on it. Some of such international frameworks applicable on Woolworths have been summarized below. An international treaty, which is applicable on the multinational companies, is the general treaty of the UN, also known as United Nations, by the name of the United Nations Charter. The duties and rights of all of the nations are covered under the UN Charter. It sets out various activities as the domestic responsibility of the nations. However, at times, these are coupled with some limitations, based on international declarations, legislations, treaties and conventions. The bases of these are the peripheral development of the natural resources, which has the impact on various environment related activities (Garner, 2017). The company has a huge base of human resource. And as a result of this, the company adheres to the Stockholm Declaration. The full name for Stockholm the Declaration is United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm 1972. And it works towards the interactions which the individuals have with the environment. The Stockholm Declaration consists of twenty seven principles, which include human rights to be properly asserted, adhering to the environmental policies, safeguarding of natural resources and wildlife, keeping the pollution under check, assisting the developing nations, improving the environment through development, and various other provisions (Dodds, Strauss and Strong, 2012). A growing need of the present day is the adherence to the principles of corporate governance. Good corporate governance held in maintaining the confidence of the market, along with the integrity of the business. The OECD, i.e., Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development sets out certain principles in this regard, which are known as the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance. These principles act as a strong towards investment being a powerful driver of growth (OECD, 2015). Even though the principles given by the OECD are not directly applicable over Woolworths, the company voluntarily adopts some of its principles, in form of its own Corporate Governance Framework. Further, the company takes the drawn policies and documents in this regard, very seriously and practices the same. The company releases a Corporate Governance Statement each year, which sets out the governance framework which is adopted by the Groups Board. This Statement also includes details of the work done in this regard over the previous years (Woolworths Group, 2017c). The company adopts a Securities Trading Policy which helps in both promoting and maintaining the reputation of the company. This is the result why the company has the reputation for excellent corporate governance, fair dealing and compliance in the securities, which include the performance rights, options and shares. Being committed towards the health, safety, as well as, wellbeing of its stakeholders, which include team members, visitors, customers, business partners and contractors, the company had drawn a Safety and Health Policy. In line with these, the company has drawn a Code of Conduct and the Board Charter (Woolworths Group, 2017c). The company has also taken steps towards the maintenance of environment to attain sustainability. The company realizes that it has to power to influence the retail supply chain in Australia, for becoming sustainable, along with reducing the carbon footprint. The company had set a target, which it wanted to attain by the year of 2015 in this regard. And presently, the company is on its way of attaining these objectives. The company works in the major areas of climate change and carbon emissions, waste and recycling, packaging, sourcing and water (Woolworths Group, 2017d). The company aims to attain 40% reduction in the carbon emissions as per the projected growth levels by the year of 2015 and this would bring down the emission to the levels of 2006. The company is also aimed at attaining a 25% reduction in the carbon emissions per carton by the year of 2012, which is delivered by the Woolworths-owned trucks. The company also has the objective of reducing the carbon emission by up to 30% in comparison to the company fleet by the year of 2010. The company is also working towards reducing its water usage each year by the amount of 200 million liters by the end of 2010. The company has realized that just being energy efficient is not enough for the planet. And so, it sets out as the market leader in making the stores, facilities and trucks of the company less energy intensive and greener (Woolworths Group, 2017d). The reasons for working towards these environment related objectives stem from the international treaties. One of such treaty is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which is in short UNCCC, as well as, the Kyoto Protocol. Both of these are aimed at reducing the greenhouse gas emissions so as to curb the effect of these over the climate. UNFFF was initially found in 1992 and it is aimed towards the stabilization of the greenhouse gases, so that the negative impact of these gases on the climate can be decreased (Leal-Arcas, 2013). Through this particular treaty, the greenhouse gases limit for each of the nation is specified (Harrison, 2013). In line with the UNFCCC, another treaty was formed by the name of Kyoto Protocol. This treaty works towards reducing the emissions from the greenhouse gases. The raison d'tre for the particular focus on these gases stem from the presence of signs of global warming, which are born out of the carbon dioxide emissions, resulting from the actions of man (Krber, Schwirzenbeck and Barth, 2008). The objectives of UNFCCC are implemented through the Kyoto Protocol. So, both of these, work towards reducing the global warming as a menace. For this, the concentration is upon the removal of the greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere, by bringing these at a certain level. This particular level helps in prevention of the anthropogenic interferences, which are dangerous for the climate system (Massai, 2011). References ASX. (2017) WOW. [Online] ASX. Available from: https://m.asx.com.au/m/company-info.xhtml?issuerCode=WOW [Accessed on: 26/04/17] Business. (2017a) WHS/OHS acts, regulations and codes of practice. [Online] Australian Government. 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